How Does Headache Occur

Ever headache? Approximately ninety percent of use have a headache. There are lost, there is a hard loss. There are rarely affected, but there are often recurrent headaches.Headache incluiding complains that "tricky". The mechanism of headaches can be very complex. the causes can also vary.

Most headaaches are usually not as severe disease, so it is usually easily removed the pain. However, if we suffer form extreme headaches that we have never felt before, you should immediately see a doctor or hospital. Similarly, if the headache we do not disappear after a few days and increasing the intensity of the pain. If we are accompained by fever, headache or other systemic symptoms can also be signs of the cause of headaches "unusual". Headache accompained by neurological disorders, headaches that occur after our heavy lifting or coughing, also need special attention. Headaches that always arise when we wake up, or to wake us form sleep, should be suspected as a sign of increased intracranial pressure (usually due to a brain tumor). Headaches in those who are known to have systemic disease (eg diabetes, hypertension), also for those aged over 55 years old need a thorough examination.

Headaches are usually caused by tension or increased pressure in the pain sensitive structures in the cranium.

Cranium sensitivestructures involed in pain and headaches are :

1. All the extra tissue cranium, including the scalp, muscles, arteries and the periosteum of the skull.
2. Sinus cranial
3. Intra-cranial venous sinus and venous branches 
4. Part of the dura at the base of the arteries in the brain and the dura
5. The cranial nerves of the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and cervical (C2 and C3)

Meanwhile, the structure of the cranium is not sensitive to pain are :

1. The brain parenmkim
2. Most network meningens
3. Skull

CAUSES

The posssibility of pain in the head caused by :

• Traction veins with venous sinus displacement large vena
• Traction meningeal artery
• Traction of major arteries at the base of the brain
• Distention and dilation of the arteries intra and ekstrakranial
• Inflammation in places that are sensitive to pain in the head. Usually due to meningitis and encephalitis
• Direct pressure by tumors on the cranial and cervical nerves, containing nerve fibers afferent pain
• Tension, a prolonged tightening o the muscles of the neck, scalp and forehead. It usually occurs at the time of anxienty, stress, and fatique.

PROCESS OF HEADACHES

At headache, sensitization of meningeal nociceptors contained and central trigeminal neurons. the phenomenon of a reduction in the threshold value of the skin and cutaneous allodynia obtained in the patients who had an attack of migraine and other chonic headache is suspected as a reflection weighting responses of central trigeminal neurons.

Inervasi sensory itracranial vessels largely comes form the trigeminal ganglion form inside the sensory fibers contains neuropeptid where the number and role is the greatest is CGRP (Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide), followed by SP (Substance P), NKA (Neurokin A), pituitary adenylate cyclase activatingpeptide (PACAP) nitricoxide (NO), a molecule prostaglandin E2 (PGEJ2) bradykin, serotin (5-HT) and triphosphat triphosphate (ATP), activate or sensitize nosiseptor. Especially foe cluster headache, chonic paroxysmal headache clan is no longer the release of VIP (vasoactive intestine peptide),which play a role in the onset of symptoms of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea.

System ascending and descending pain pthways that paly a role in the transmission and modulation of pain locatied in the brain stem. the brain stem plays the most important role as the carrier of nociceptive impulses as well as the impulse modulator. Modulation transmission of sensory largely centered in the brain stem (eg periaquaductal gray matter, the locus coeruleus, nucleus raphe magnus and reticular formation), he set up the integration of the pain, the emotions and the response of the autonomic involving the convergence of the work of cortical somatosensory, hypothalamus, anterior cyngulate cortex, and other limbic system structures. Thus the brain stem called a generator and modulator headaches.

Stimuli electrode, or the deposition of iron Fe excessive periaquaduct gray (PGA) matter in the midbrain can trigger tha onset of headaches such as migraine (migraine like headaches). In the research MRI (magnetic ResonanceImaging) to the involvement of brainstem in migraine sufferers, CDH (Chronic Daily Headache) and a control sample of non sefagi, found evidenceof elevated deposition of Fe in the PGA in pattients with migraine and CDH compared with controls.